Inkqubela phambili yoPhando kunye namathemba okusetyenziswa kweCalcium 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate njengomthombo wesongezelelo seMethionine esitsha

I. Imvelaphi yesicelo

I-Calcium 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate (HMTBa-Ca) luhlobo lwetyuwa ye-calcium ye-methionine hydroxy analogue (igama lekhemikhali: I-Calcium bis(2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate)). Ayiboneleli ngokuthe ngqo ngesakhiwo se-amino esine-nitrogen kodwa inika i-methionine carbon skeleton ngendlela ye-hydroxy analogue. Iguqulwa ngokwe-metabolism emzimbeni ukuze ivelise i-L-methionine esebenzayo ngokwebhayoloji, ethatha inxaxheba ekuhlanganisweni kweproteni nakwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-metabolism.

I-Methionine yenye yezona amino acid ziqhelekileyo ezithintela ukutya kwemfuyo kunye neenkukhu, ingakumbi ezisengozini yokunqongophala kokutya okusekwe kumgubo wesoya. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zesondlo sezilwanyana ze-methionine, i-DL-methionine ibisoloko isongezelelwa ekutyeni. Nangona kunjalo, ii-methionine hydroxy analogues kunye neetyuwa zazo ze-calcium ziya ziqala ukufumana ingqalelo njengemithombo emitsha ye-methionine. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-DL-methionine, i-HMTBa-Ca inika uzinzo olungcono lobushushu kunye nokuzivumelanisa nokulungiswa, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukugcinwa kwezondlo ngexesha lokufakwa kokutya kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu obuphezulu.

I-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) yenze uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo lokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-HMTBa kunye netyuwa yayo ye-calcium, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwayo njengesongezelelo sokondla kuzo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ayishiyi intsalela kwizicubu zezilwanyana okanye kwiimveliso kwaye ayibeki mingcipheko ibalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, inika inkxaso yolawulo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwisondlo sezilwanyana.

II. Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa

Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba i-HMTBa-Ca, njengomthombo we-methionine, inokuphucula ukusebenza kokukhula kwezilwanyana kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezondlo. Kwiihagu, kwiinkukhu, nakwizilwanyana zasemanzini, ukongezwa kwe-HMTBa-Ca kunokunyusa ukufumaneka okuqhelekileyo kwemihla ngemihla, umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa kokutya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-nitrogen ngelixa kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ekutyeni okuneproteni ephantsi okanye i-amino acid eyenziwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kwinkukhu, ukongezwa kwe-HMTBa-Ca akuncedi nje kuphela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso kodwa kukwaphucula amandla e-antioxidant, ukusebenza komzimba, kunye nempilo yamathumbu. Kwizinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kokubeka amaqanda kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamaqanda. Kwizilwanyana zasemanzini, njengoko umlinganiselo wezithako zeprotheyini ezisekelwe kwizityalo usanda, ukunqongophala kwe-methionine kuya kugqama ngakumbi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-HMTBa-Ca inokusebenza njengomthombo osebenzayo owongezelelweyo, iphucula izinga lokukhula kunye nokufakwa kweprotheyini emzimbeni.

Njengesandulela se-methionine, i-HMTBa-Ca inokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwee-amino acid ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweeproteni emzimbeni kwaye iphucule ukwakheka komzimba ngokulawula iindlela ezinxulumene ne-metabolic. Nangona ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi kwibhayoloji ngokubanzi kuphantsi kune-DL-methionine, isabonisa ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Kwindlela yokusebenza ebonakalayo, amanqanaba ongezelelweyo afanelekileyo anokuyilwa ngokwengqiqo kusetyenziswa izinto zokuguqula.

III. Indlela Yokusebenza

Indlela esebenza ngayo i-HMTBa-Ca ngokuyintloko ikwindima yayo njenge-methionine precursor ethatha inxaxheba kwi-metabolism yangaphakathi. I-HMTBa-Ca iguqulwa ibe yi-L-methionine kwindlela yokugaya ukutya ngokusebenzisa ii-enzyme reactions kunye ne-microbial metabolism. Emva koko ithatha inxaxheba kwi-protein synthesis, i-one-carbon metabolism, kunye nokulawulwa kweenkqubo ze-antioxidant (ezifana ne-glutathione synthesis), idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-amino acid kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezakhamzimba.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-DL-methionine, indlela yokufunxwa kunye neendlela ze-metabolic ze-HMTBa-Ca zahlukile kancinci. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwe-hydroxy analogue lunika uzinzo oluphezulu, ngakumbi lubonisa iimpawu ezithile ze-rumen bypass kwi-ruminants, nto leyo enceda ukwandisa ukunikezelwa kwe-methionine kumathumbu amancinci.

IV. Iintlobo zezilwanyana ekujoliswe kuzo

1. Iihagu (Amantshontsho eehagu akhunyulweyo, iihagu ezikhula zigqibezele)

Kwisondlo sehagu, i-methionine yenye yee-amino acid ezithintelayo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukongeza i-HMTBa-Ca ekutyeni okuneproteni ephantsi okanye okune-amino acid elinganiselayo kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-nitrogen ngempumelelo, kukhuthaze ukugcinwa kweproteni, kwaye kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-DL-methionine yendabuko, i-HMTBa-Ca inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-methionine ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwe-amino acid. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kulawulo lwesondlo ngexesha lesigaba soxinzelelo lokulunyulwa kunye nakwiihagu ezinezinga eliphezulu lenyama engenamafutha.

2. Iinkukhu (Iinkukhu zeNkuku, Iinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda, Abafuyi)

Kwizidlo zeenkukhu, i-HMTBa-Ca isetyenziswa kakhulu ukutshintsha okanye ngokuyinxenye indawo ye-DL-methionine. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukongeza kwayo kunokuphucula kakhulu umlinganiselo wokufumana ukutya kwenkukhu imihla ngemihla kunye nokuguqulwa kokutya kwaye kuchaphazele kakuhle amandla okulwa ne-antioxidant, iiparameter zomzimba, kunye nempilo yamathumbu. Kwizinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda, ukongeza okufanelekileyo kwe-HMTBa-Ca kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kokubeka amaqanda, ukuphucula umgangatho wamaqanda, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni imetabolism ye-protein kunye ne-sulfur amino acid, ebaluleke kakhulu kwiileya ezivelisa kakhulu.

3. Izilwanyana zasemanzini (Iintlanzi, iiCrustaceans)

Kwisondlo sasemanzini, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezithako zeprotheyini ezisekelwe kwizityalo, ukunqongophala kwe-methionine kuye kwabonakala kakhulu. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba i-HMTBa-Ca inokusebenza njengomthombo we-methionine osebenzayo ekutyeni kweentlanzi (umz., i-seabass, i-trout), iphucula kakhulu izinga lokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kokutya, kunye nokugcinwa kweprotheyini emzimbeni. Uzinzo lwayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nayo kwiindawo zasemanzini kuyenza ibe namandla okusetyenziswa kakuhle ekutyeni kwasemanzini okwenziweyo.

4. Izilwanyana ezitya inyama (Iinkomo zobisi, iinkomo zenkomo, iigusha)

Ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana ezingezizo eze-ruminant, i-methionine ekutyeni kwe-ruminant idla ngokuthintelwa kukuwohloka ziintsholongwane ze-rumen, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iindlela ezisebenzayo zokongeza i-methionine zibaluleke kakhulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ii-analogues ze-methionine hydroxy (kuquka uhlobo lwazo lwetyuwa ye-calcium) zinokuchasana okuthile nokuwohloka kwi-rumen, nto leyo evumela ukubaleka okuncinci kwi-rumen microbial fermentation kunye nokuguqulwa kube yi-methionine esebenzisekayo emathunjini amancinci, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukunikezelwa kweproteni enokucolwa.

V. Isiphelo kunye neMbono

Ngamafutshane, i-HMTBa-Ca, njengomthombo omtsha wesongezelelo se-methionine, ibonisa amandla okusebenzisa athembisayo kwisondlo sezilwanyana. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxile ngakumbi kwiindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokwebhayoloji, ukumisela amanqanaba achanekileyo okongezelela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kunye namanqanaba okukhula, kunye nokuhlola iziphumo zayo zokubambisana nezinye izongezo zesondlo. Oku kuya kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo nokusebenzayo kwiinkqubo zokutya zanamhlanje.